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In this part, I will share with you about Biography.
So, read carefully!
Definition
Understanding Biography According to Experts
According to experts, the notion of biography has several perspectives and meanings. Here's their opinion.
1. Nugraha and Riyadi
The definition of a biographical text according to Nugraha (2013) and Riyadi (2014) is to contain the story of a person's life history, then the story is written into writing.
2. Wahono
This is different from Wahono's opinion, who defines a biographical text as a factual story. Where the story is written based on the facts presented by the author.
So what are the forms of these facts? For example, in the form of the person's privileges, good performance, ideology, and other achievements.
3. Istiqomah
According to Istiqomah (2015), a biographical text is a life history of a person who is told through writing. Istiqomah also mentions that the author of this type of text is in the third person. The writer is the one who owns the copyright for the written character's work. Meanwhile, the character was written as a resource.
4. Mahsun
Meanwhile, according to Mahsun, a biographical text is a narrative text which has the ultimate goal of telling the life stages of a person that contains facts, the life history of the character. As for what needs to be conveyed in writing biographical texts, for example, issues of privileges, family background, identity, organizational history, and things that are achievements that have been achieved.
Characteristic
The characteristics of biographical texts are of several kinds. Here are the various characteristics.
1. Loading Facts
The characteristics of a biographical text contain facts. Indeed, the form of facts is not only about statistical data. But the facts of the character's experience are written down. In other words, writing a biography is not written because of fiction, but because it talks about data
2. Having Conflict Problems
Another characteristic is that the biographical text contains conflict problems. Biographical texts contain real trips, which contain problems, conflicts, or obstacles. From this problem, the story of this biographical journey is interesting to follow. It is also starting from this problem, readers can also learn from experience, wisdom, and solutions. Who knows, these solutions may be of benefit to readers out there.
3. The existence of learning messages
A good biographical text should have a constructive learning message for the reader. The reason why the characters' stories are written in this text is none other than to provide learning on experiences and every decision that has been passed.
4. Have a Clear Structure or Time Frame
Another important characteristic is having a clear structure. So for those of you who want to write a biography, make sure the structure is well conceptualized. When writing a biographical text, the writer must be observant in recording the series of years and processes. A coherent structure certainly makes it easy for readers to understand the message conveyed.
5. History of Someone's Life Experience
Another characteristic can be marked by the way of narrating it. The narrative emphasizes the historical experience of the character. That's why the average person who is written in a biography is a great person, people who have had life experiences that have changed people's viewpoints.
6. Have Place Settings
Even though it tells the real-life experience of someone. It is also important to indicate the place setting. The setting of this place can be in different places, depending on the story of the character or source. Because after all, setting the place is one of the mandatory features.
Structure
1. Orientation
The orientation series contains an intro or introduction to the character being raised. The introduction should be written in general. For example, the focus is on discussing the character's family background, name of the character, educational history, and place of residence. Of course, from the data obtained, it is written in a narrative.
2. Events and Problems
Events and problems contain the sequence of events experienced by the characters raised. Also write down experiences that have been experienced, accompanied by problems or conflicts. Apart from writing down experiences, problems, or conflicts, it is very important to write down the solutions faced by the characters.
3. Reorientation
Reorientation refers more to the writer's response to the character raised. Of course, the author's response is about the characters he writes about.
Linguistic Elements
1. Conjunctions
When viewed from the linguistic elements and linguistic rules of the biographical text, conjunctions are an element that needs to be mastered. Conjunction plays a role in connecting one word to another so that it is formed into a sentence.
2. Word reference
Have you ever heard a word reference? Word references are used to refer to words that have previously been done. There are also various word reference models used, there are nouns and place references. In fact, there are also people referencing words. Examples of noun references, often use words like this, that, and that. while for the word referencing place, more often use the word here, there, there, and many others. while the word reference shows people can use their words, he, he, he and many more.
3. Events Time and Place
The linguistic elements in biographical texts that are no less important are the events of time and place. The function of the importance of time and place events is nothing but to refer to an event or incident, time and place that the character has already experienced.
Where these events and places become memorable moments for most people. that's why there are more biographies about great figures. The results of sales in the market are in demand. Meanwhile, for people who do not have a big influence, books are less attractive to the market, because consumers do not know who the character is written.
4. Verbs
In the linguistic element of biographical texts, verbs are also called verbs. Verbs can also be interpreted as groups of words that tell a character's journey and story. Well, it turns out that the elements of the verb itself are divided by form and based on type.
Example
WILHELM CONRAD RÖNTGEN
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German physicist who was the first recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics, in 1901, for his discoveries in X-rays, which marked the beginning of the age of modern physics and revolutionized diagnostic medicine.
Rontgen studied at ETH Zurich and later became professor of physics at the Universities of Strasbourg (1876-79), Giessen (1879-88), Wurzburg (1888-1900), and Munich (1900-20). His research also includes work on elasticity, the motion of hair tubes in liquids, the heat of certain gases, the conduction of heat in crystals, the absorption of heat by gases, and piezoelectricity.
In 1895, while experimenting with the flow of electric current and a partially emptied glass tube (cathode ray tube), Rontgen observed that adjacent pieces of barium platinocyanide emit light when the tube is operated. He formulated the theory that when cathode rays (electrons) penetrate the glass walls of the tube, some unknown radiation is generated which crosses the chamber, penetrates the chemicals, and causes fluorescence. Further observations revealed that paper, wood, and aluminum, among other materials, were transparent to this new form of radiation. He discovered that it affected the photographic plate, and, because it did not manifestly exhibit some properties of light, such as reflection or refraction, he mistakenly thought that the rays had no contact with light. Given this uncertain nature, he called the phenomenon X-radiation, although it is also known as X-ray radiation. He took the first X-ray photography of the interior of the metal object and the bones of his wife's hand.
Exercises
Biography of the famous person
Freddie Mercury
Mercury was born Farrokh Bulsara in Stone Town in the British protectorate of Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania) on 5 September 1946. His parents, Bomi (1908–2003) and Jer Bulsara (1922–2016) were from the Parsi community of western India. The Bulsaras had origins in the city of Bulsar (now Valsad) in Gujarat. He had a younger sister, Kashmira.
The family had moved to Zanzibar so that Bomi could continue his job as a cashier at the British Colonial Office. As Zanzibar was a British protectorate until 1963, Mercury was born a British subject, and on 2 June 1969 was registered as a citizen of the United Kingdom and colonies after the family had emigrated to England.
In the spring of 1964, Mercury and his family fled to England from Zanzibar to escape the violence of the revolution against the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government, in which thousands of ethnic Arabs and Indians were killed. They moved to 19 Hamilton Close, Feltham, Middlesex, a town 13 miles (21 km) west of central London. The Bulsaras briefly relocated to 122 Hamilton Road, before settling into a small house at 22 Gladstone Avenue in late October. After first studying art at Isleworth Polytechnic in West London, Mercury studied graphic art and design at Ealing Art College, graduating with a diploma in 1969.
Mercury spent most of his childhood in India where he began taking piano lessons at the age of seven while living with relatives. In 1954, at the age of eight, Mercury was sent to study at St. Peter's School, a British-style boarding school for boys, in Panchgani near Bombay. At the age of 12, he formed a school band, the Hectics, and covered rock and roll artists such as Cliff Richard and Little Richard. One of Mercury's former bandmates from the Hectics has said "the only music he listened to and played, was Western pop music". It was also at St. Peter's where he began to call himself "Freddie". In February 1963 he moved back to Zanzibar where he joined his parents at their flat.
In 1969, he joined Liverpool-based band Ibex, later renamed Wreckage, which played "very Hendrix-style, heavy blues". He briefly lived in a flat above the Dovedale Towers, a pub close to Penny Lane in Liverpool's Mossley Hill district. When this band failed to take off, he joined an Oxford-based band, Sour Milk Sea, but by early 1970 this group had broken up as well.
In April 1970, Mercury teamed up with guitarist Brian May and drummer Roger Taylor, to become the lead singer of their band Smile. They were joined by bassist John Deacon in 1971. Despite the reservations of the other members and Trident Studios, the band's initial management, Mercury chose the name "Queen" for the new band. At about the same time, he legally changed his surname, Bulsara, to Mercury.
On the evening of 24 November 1991, about 24 hours after issuing the statement, Mercury died at the age of 45 at his home in Kensington. The cause of death was bronchial pneumonia resulting from AIDS. Mercury's close friend Dave Clark of the Dave Clark Five was at the bedside vigil when he died. Austin phoned Mercury's parents and sister to break the news, which reached newspaper and television crews in the early hours of 25 November.
Biography of the inventor
Hedy Lamarr
Lamarr was born in 1914 as Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, the only child of Gertrud "Trude" Kiesler (girl name Lichtwitz; 1894–1977) and Emil Kiesler (1880–1935). His father was born in Lemberg, Austrian Empire (now known as Lviv, Ukraine). He is a successful bank manager. Meanwhile, Lamarr's mother, Trude, is a pianist. Trude was born in Budapest and comes from an upper-class family of Hungarian origin.
Since childhood, Lamarr has shown an interest in the world of acting and is deeply fascinated by theater and film. When she was 12 years old, she won a beauty pageant in Vienna.
Lamarr helped his mother get out of Austria for the United States after the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany. His mother was later granted United States citizenship.
The avant garde composer George Antheil, son of German immigrants and Lamarr's neighbour, has experimented with automatic control of musical instruments, including his music for Ballet Mécanique, originally written for Fernand Léger's 1924 abstract film. His automatic music consists of several pianolas being played simultaneously. .
Lamarr introduced the idea to Antheil and jointly submitted the idea for the secret communication system in June 1941. On August 11, 1942, US Patent 2,292,387 was granted to Antheil and "Hedy Kiesler Markey," Lamarr's marriage name at the time. An early version of this frequency shift was the use of piano rollers to switch between 88 frequencies and aimed to make radio-guided torpedoes difficult to detect by enemies. Although they presented the technique before the U.S. Navy, the idea was rejected and not adopted.
This idea was only implemented in the United States in 1962 by U.S. military ships. while blocking Cuba after its patent expired. Due to possible delays in development, this patent was only made public in 1997 when the Electronic Frontier Foundation awarded Lamarr for his contributions. It was reported that in 1998, Ottawa-based wireless technology developer Wi-LAN, Inc. "bought 49 percent of this patent claim from Lamarr for an undisclosed share value" (Eliza Schmidkunz, Inside GNSS), when an expired patent should be considered worthless. Antheil died in 1959.
Lamarr and Antheil's idea of switching frequencies became the basis of today's spread spectrum communication technologies, such as Bluetooth, COFDM used by Wi-Fi network connections, and CDMA in wireless telephony. Blackwell, Martin, and Vernam's 1920 patent Secrecy Communication System (1598673) appears to be the communications basis for the Kiesler and Antheil patents, which utilized this technique to control torpedoes.
Lamarr wanted to join the National Inventors Council, but NIC member Charles F. Kettering and his associates requested that he help only the war effort by using his celebrity status to sell War Bonds.
Conclusion
Bioraphy text is the text about story of person, like as famous person or inventor.
The aim of biography is to remember, to motivate or to learn of someone's life.
Biography text has structure, there are; orientation, event, and reorientation.
1. Based on the two texts above, what is the type of text?
A. Biography Text
B. Narrative Text
C. Procedure Text
D. Dialog Text
E. Description Text
Answer : A.
2. Why did Freddie Mercury's family move to England?
A. To Vacation
B. To escape the violence of the revolution against the Sultan of Zanzibar
C. To run their business
D. To study
E. To visited grandma's house
Answer : B.
3. The following includes a biography based on the author's side are….
a. Autographs and biographies written by others
b. Life journey biography
c. Career biography
d. Journalistic biography
Answer: A
4. Curriculum vitae written by the character himself is called….
a. Biography
b. Autography
c. Bibliography
d. Phobiography
Answer: B
5. The following is included in the structure of making a biographical text....
A. Contribution
B. appraisal
C. resolution
D. climax
e. Identification
Answer: E
Daily Assesment
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